At a glance
- IUCN category
- CR · Critically Endangered
- Animal group
- Mammals
- Population trend
- Stable
- Last verified
Conservation overview
The Javan rhinoceros is one of the rarest large mammals on Earth, now confined to a single protected area on Java, Indonesia. It is assessed as Critically Endangered.
It is a solitary, browsing forest rhino with a single horn, and its entire survival depends on one small population.
Range & habitat
Survives in a single wild population in Ujung Kulon National Park, Java, Indonesia.
Major threats
Threats below are drawn from the authoritative sources listed on this page. For the current, complete assessment, see the IUCN Red List.
- An extremely small, single population vulnerable to disease and disaster
- Historical poaching for horn
- Loss of habitat and competition from invasive plants
Why it matters
With the species reduced to one site, the Javan rhino is a stark reminder of how a single threat — disease, a tsunami, or poaching — could end an entire species.
Sources
Sources for Javan Rhinoceros
- IUCN Red List — look up Javan Rhinoceros (authoritative status)
- Animal Diversity Web
Frequently Asked Questions
Where do Javan rhinos still live?
Only in Ujung Kulon National Park on the Indonesian island of Java. The species once ranged across Southeast Asia but is now restricted to this one site.
Why is the Javan rhino so endangered?
Published assessments cite its single, very small population (vulnerable to disease and natural disaster), a history of poaching for horn, and habitat pressures. See the IUCN Red List for the current assessment.
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